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This 2025 preprint from Costello, Pennycook, and Rand asks a sharper question than their original Science study: is it the facts, or the AI, doing the persuading? Across two experiments (N = 2,348) and eight variations, removing persuasive framing barely mattered; removing the facts broke the effect.
Climate+Tech launches an open source AI fact-checking system that combines multiple AI models to evaluate climate claims against scientific sources, achieving 85% agreement with expert consensus.
Costello, Pennycook, and Rand's peer-reviewed Science study found that personalized, evidence-based AI dialogues durably reduced belief in conspiracy theories by about 20% on average, without reducing belief in true conspiracies, and with 99.2% of a sampled set of the AI's factual claims independently verified as true.
